Multifactorial Disorders

These happen from a mix of gene changes and environment (like food, lifestyle, pollution).

🔹 Spina Bifida

• Symptoms: Backbone doesn’t form properly.
• Severity: Can be mild or serious.

🔹 Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate

• Symptoms: Gap in the upper lip or mouth roof.
• Can be fixed with surgery.

🔹 Type 1 Diabetes

• Cause: Body attacks its own cells that make insulin.
• Partly genetic and needs daily insulin.

🔹 Heart Disease & High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

• Caused by: Family history + unhealthy habits (junk food, no exercise).
• Prevention: Good food, regular exercise.

These happen when there’s a problem in the mitochondria (the energy-makers in your cells).
👉 Passed down only from the mother.

🔹 Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)

• Symptoms: Sudden vision loss, usually in teens or young adults.

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